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Disease
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General Signs
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Spread
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Vaccination Recommendations
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Tetanus
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Difficulty eating or walking, overreaction to noise, stiffness, elevation of the third eyelid.
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Not contagious: caused by punctures & wound infection.
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Initially 2 ds of tetanus toxoid, 2 wks apart. If the timing is appropriate for annual
inocculation, tetanus toxoid will be most useful 30 days prior to foaling.
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Eastern & Western Encephalitis
(sleeping sickness)
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Often fatal: fever, staggering, circling, head pressing, depression & sleepiness.
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Not contagious, spread by mosquitoes.
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Greatest incidnce of this disease occurs in late summer & early fall, the optimum
time to administer the annual vaccine is April, May & June.
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Equine Influenza
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Rarely fatal: cough, loss of appetite, fever, depression, muscle soreness, discharge
from nose & eyes.
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Very contagious: keep affected animals isolated.
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Vaccinate 30 days prior to foaling to protect the mare & provide antibodies for
the neonatal foal. Administer boosters in the fall to provide year-round
protection.
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Rhinopneumonitis
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Respiratory distress (nasal discharge, cough), fever: causes abortion in pregnant mares.
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Very contagious: keep affected animals isolated.
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In areas with a known infection, an additional booster vaccine should be given 2
to 3 months after conception. A killed vaccine for the disease should be
given in the 5th, 7th, and 9th mos. of pregnancy.
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Strangles
(Equine Distemper)
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Fever; swollen jaw glands, loss of appetite, cough, nasal discharge, can cause
abortion in pregnant mares.
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Very contagious, keep affected animals isolated.
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If disease incidence is high & anticipated, administer 2 injections 2 to 3 weeks
apart in early fall. Immunity will last 5 to 6 months, so reinoculate in the spring
if the mare is at risk from disease.
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Potomac Fever
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Lethargy, anorexia, fever, colic, laminitis, colitis & diarrhea.
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Spread during insect season. Vector not known.
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Where disease incidence is high, vaccinate before the start of the insect season.
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Pregnant mares should be vaccinated during the
5th, 7th, & 9th months of gestation.
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